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A tribute to Russell Ackoff


Pyxis, the magnetic compass used on ships, is a minor southern constellation,  formed from stars in the mast of Argo Navis, the Ship


Russell Lincoln Ackoff (12 February 1919 – 29 October 2009) was an American organizational theorist, consultant, and Anheuser-Busch Professor Emeritus of Management Science at the Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania. Ackoff was a pioneer in the field of operations research, systems thinking and management science. His views are summarized in an interview [1] where he advocates a ‘‘systemic’’ approach to innovation.

Kirby and Rosenhead (2005) observed , "the fact that  systems were experiencing profound change could be attributed to the end of the "Machine Age" and the onset of the "Systems Age". The Machine Age, bequeathed by the Industrial Revolution, was underpinned by two concepts – reductionism (everything can in the end be decomposed into indivisible parts) and mechanism (cause-effect relationships)". Hereby "all phenomena were believed to be explained by using only one ultimately simple relationship, cause-effect", which in the Systems Age are replaced by expansionism and teleology with producer-product replacing cause-effect. "Expansionism is a doctrine maintaining that all objects and events, and all experiences of them, are parts of larger wholes."According to Ackoff, "the beginning of the end of the Machine Age and the beginning of the Systems Age could be dated to the 1940s, a decade when philosophers, mathematicians, and biologists, building on developments in the interwar period, defined a new intellectual framework". [2]

Astrologers have long proposed that the start of a new age is usually accompanied by a new synodic cycle involving outer planets. And sure enough in 1940s we have a Saturn-Pluto synodic conjunction at 13le03 on Aug 22, 1947. The stars that form the backdrop to this conjunction are those of late  sidereal Cancer.


The conjunction  nests between the ecliptical longitudes of Acubens of Cancer; Zeta Hydra; and Dubhe (Alpha) of Ursa Major; and the longitudes of Naos of Argo Navis; and Merak (Beta) of Ursa Major.

Sidereal Cancer supports our birth or emergence from darkness into light. It is of migration, new beginnings, shedding old skins, skeletons, and cocoons. It is of emerging out of the collective frenetic confusion of mass or family consciousness, finding new ways paths and directions; of leaving behind old dwellings and the structures of consciousness they represent. It is of getting out of our personal and collective dogmas and the darkness and limitation they create.


So why were people like Ackoff pioneering this new systems approach? A look at Ackhoff’s horoscope explains why. He had his Sun [23aq] in revolutionary Aquarius conjunct Uranus [27aq] with both these  opposite Saturn [25le].  Tarnas [3] describes the Saturn-Uranus opposition with the following key phrases:

structural breakdowns and collapses, technological breakdowns, a pervasive  atmosphere of crisis management and mindset of crisis prevention and more generally, a taut conflict between the conservative and the liberal or progressive; change and the resistance to change.

Ackhoff’s Saturn [25le] was conjunct the stars  Alpha Pictoris [25le25], Subra [23le08] , Adhafera [26le27] and Al Jabhah [26le47]  and the stars of Pyxidis at the beginning of sidereal Leo.

Alpha Pictoris and Subra, the Paw of the Lion, which mark the cusp of sidereal Cancer-Leo; Alpha & Beta Pyxidis; Alphard of Hydra; Suhail Al Muhlif on the Sail of the Argo; Pup-A Supernova Remnant; and Adhafera and Al Jabha, the mane and forehead of the Lion Let us explore the individual themes of these stellar entries to get a feel for the overall character of early sidereal Leo:

Subra, marking the end of sidereal Cancer, is the paw of the Lion impressed in the desert sand. Subra is of prints, tracks, plans, codices and ancient maps--clues to hidden trails and paths obscured by the sands of time. Subra indicates a discovery process is at hand, one leading to the secret chambers, entryways, even to liftoff sites of the gods--places hidden from ordinary view. Simply, Subra asks that we dig, explore, uncover, and find a new way to navigate the passage that leads to living from the integrity and passion of out hearts, which Regulus embodies.

Synthesizing with Subra is the primary star of the very southern constellation Pictoris, the Painter's Easel. Alpha Pictoris indicates a picture or scenario is emerging from the æthers. This is a picture assembling itself as we break trail in our discovery process. Alpha Pictoris asks us to see the pathway or entryway emerging out of the mist covering an abyss, in the rock of a mountain side, in the billowing clouds blown by the wind, in the leaves fallen upon the ground, or simply in our mind's inner eye. Alpha Pictoris asks us to creatively assemble the signs, to read the message, to see the coalescing spirit substance yet to become, to paint a new picture, a new life.

Pyxidis asks us to peer beyond what is visible, beyond the common world, and to navigate through potential problems or obstacles upon our exploration. Pyxidis inspires us to find the map obscured in the sand, to see the picture waiting to emerge from the obscuring fog into visible sight, and to take an abode, place, vantage, or perspective from which we can see and find distant lands.

Pyxidis indicates a discovery process is at had, one that requires patience, foresight, and perceptual attentiveness. Although this often is a lonely process, it is one serving our greater evolutionary journey, and as well, the journeys of our colleagues and companions. Pyxidis has little interest in the superfluous pursuits of the common world, always seeking new ground, looking forward, gazing ahead through time, to see through the present limitations into the depths of what can yet become.[4]

This long quote from Nick Fiorenza should clearly indicate why pioneers like Ackhoff living to the full potential of their stars need to be honoured and celebrated.

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